This subproject analyses the impacts of climate change on horticultural production and discuss wider environmental sustainability issues, considering different farming systems, including smallholders, outgrowers, export farms and urban/peri-urban greenhouse production. The subproject will identify opportunities both for adapting to a changing climate and for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on farms and along the value chains. This will help producers and other stakeholders to contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts which are urgently needed. The subproject will also try to identify the most important synergies between adaptation and mitigation, taking into account concepts such as sustainable intensification and conservation agriculture.